類型

type

硬式內(nèi)窺鏡：具有剛性的插入管，適用于觀察人體內(nèi)部相對較直的管道和腔室，如膀胱鏡、腹腔鏡等。硬式內(nèi)窺鏡的優(yōu)點是圖像質(zhì)量高、操作方便、耐用性好，但在一些彎曲的部位可能難以到達。

Hard endoscope: with a rigid insertion tube, suitable for observing relatively straight pipes and chambers inside the human body, such as cystoscopy, laparoscopy, etc. The advantages of hard endoscopes are high image quality, easy operation, and good durability, but they may be difficult to reach in some curved areas.

軟式內(nèi)窺鏡：插入管較為柔軟，可以彎曲和扭轉(zhuǎn)，能夠深入到人體內(nèi)部復(fù)雜的部位，如胃鏡、腸鏡、支氣管鏡等。軟式內(nèi)窺鏡的靈活性高，能夠更好地適應(yīng)人體的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)，但圖像質(zhì)量可能略遜于硬式內(nèi)窺鏡，且維護和保養(yǎng)要求較高。

Soft endoscope: The insertion tube is relatively soft, can bend and twist, and can penetrate into complex parts of the human body, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, etc. Soft endoscopes have high flexibility and can better adapt to the anatomical structure of the human body, but the image quality may be slightly inferior to that of hard endoscopes, and maintenance and upkeep requirements are higher.

纖維內(nèi)窺鏡：是軟式內(nèi)窺鏡的一種，利用光導(dǎo)纖維傳輸圖像和光線。纖維內(nèi)窺鏡的優(yōu)點是可以做得很細，能夠進入一些狹窄的部位，但隨著電子內(nèi)窺鏡的發(fā)展，纖維內(nèi)窺鏡的應(yīng)用逐漸減少。

Fiber endoscope: It is a type of flexible endoscope that uses optical fibers to transmit images and light. The advantage of fiber endoscopes is that they can be made very thin and can enter narrow areas, but with the development of electronic endoscopes, the application of fiber endoscopes has gradually decreased.

設(shè)備組成

Equipment Composition

插入部：是內(nèi)窺鏡直接進入人體的部分，包括前端的物鏡、照明裝置和彎曲部等。插入部的直徑和長度因不同的內(nèi)窺鏡類型而異，以適應(yīng)不同的檢查部位和人體解剖結(jié)構(gòu)。

Insertion part: It is the part where the endoscope directly enters the human body, including the front objective lens, lighting device, and curved part. The diameter and length of the insertion part vary depending on the type of endoscope used to adapt to different examination sites and anatomical structures of the human body.

操作部：位于內(nèi)窺鏡的手持端，醫(yī)生通過操作部來控制插入部的彎曲角度、吸引、注氣、注水等功能，還可以連接各種輔助器械，如活檢鉗、電切刀等，進行診斷和治療操作。

Operation section: located at the handheld end of the endoscope, the doctor controls the bending angle, suction, gas injection, water injection and other functions of the insertion section through the operation section. It can also connect various auxiliary instruments, such as biopsy forceps, electric cutters, etc., for diagnosis and treatment operations.

光源系統(tǒng)：為內(nèi)窺鏡提供充足的照明，確保醫(yī)生能夠清晰地觀察到人體內(nèi)部的情況。光源通常采用高強度的氙燈或鹵素?zé)簦ㄟ^光導(dǎo)纖維或電纜將光線傳輸?shù)讲迦氩康那岸恕?/p>

Light source system: Provides sufficient illumination for the endoscope, ensuring that doctors can clearly observe the internal conditions of the human body. The light source usually uses high-intensity xenon or halogen lamps, which transmit light to the front end of the insertion part through optical fibers or cables.

成像系統(tǒng)：將內(nèi)窺鏡前端獲取的光學(xué)圖像轉(zhuǎn)換為電子信號，并在顯示器上顯示出來。成像系統(tǒng)包括圖像傳感器、圖像處理單元和顯示器等部分，隨著技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代內(nèi)窺鏡的成像質(zhì)量越來越高，能夠提供更清晰、更詳細的圖像。

Imaging system: Convert the optical image obtained by the endoscope front end into an electronic signal and display it on the monitor. The imaging system includes image sensors, image processing units, and displays. With the continuous development of technology, the imaging quality of modern endoscopes is becoming higher and higher, providing clearer and more detailed images.

輔助設(shè)備：包括吸引器、注氣泵、活檢鉗、電切刀、圈套器等，這些輔助設(shè)備與內(nèi)窺鏡配合使用，能夠完成各種診斷和治療操作。

Auxiliary equipment: including suction devices, infusion pumps, biopsy forceps, electric cutters, snare devices, etc. These auxiliary equipment can be used in conjunction with endoscopes to complete various diagnostic and therapeutic operations.

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